Environment and Ecology MCQ Questions with Answers

Question 1 : Environment refers to

a) the natural world of land, water, air, plants and animals that exists around it
b) the sum total of conditions which surround human beings at a given point of time
c) the interacting system of physical, biological and cultural elements which are interlinked
d) all of the above

Answer : d

Question 2 : The word ‘Environment’ had origin from which language?

a) German
b) French
c) Spanish
d) Arab

Answer : b

Question 3 : Environment is a composite state of

a) biotic factors
b) physiographic factors
c) abiotic factors
d) all of the above

Answer : d

Question 4 : Environment is an indivisible unit which is created by 

a) physical resources
b) biological resources
c) physical and biological resources
d) the combination of physical, biological and cultural resources

Answer : d

Question 5 : Which among the following is not the constituent of physical environment?

a) Types of landforms
b) Soils
c) Minerals
d) Settlements

Answer : d

Question 6 : Which among the following concept is wrong? 

a) the working system of environment is governed by Natural Laws
b) terrestrial unity is present in the environmental elements
c) environment is the reserve of physical resource not the biological resource
d) self enrichment capacity is inherent in the environment

Answer : c

Question 7 : World Environment Day is celebrated on

a) 21st March
b) 23rd September
c) 5th June
d) 25th May

Answer : c

Question 8 : Assertion (A) : Environment is the store of immense force.
Reason (R) : Environmental elements are created as a result of environmental forces and process.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true, but R is false
d) A is false, but R is true

Answer : a

Question 9 : Coming soon

a)
b)
c)
d)

Answer : 

Question 10 : What is the thin layer of gases around the Earth?

a) Biosphere
b) Water Particle
c) Atmosphere
d) Hydrosphere

Answer : c

Question 11 : Which among the following statements is incorrect regarding environment?

a) Every green plant can decompose their dead bodies
b) Decomposers cannot make their own food
c) Biosphere is fundamental unit of the study of environment
d) In biosphere physical as well as biological elements are present

Answer : d

Question 12 : Generally, environment can be classified as following categories. Which among the following is not a part of such category?

a) Operational Environment
b) Physical Environment
c) Cultural Environment
d) Biological Environment

Answer : a

Question 13 : Which of the following statements regarding hydrosphere is incorrect?

a) Under the hydrosphere both surface as well as ground water are present
b) On earth 71% of water is there
c) In hydrosphere maximum amount of saline water is found in ocean and sea
d) Only 8% of water available on earth is portable

Answer : a

Question 14 : Who among the following has proposed deterministic concept in the context of man and environment relation?

a) Ratzel
b) Vidal de La Blache
c) Ernst Haeckel
d) Tansley

Answer : a

Question 15 : In which environmental theory nature is considered all powerful and man is considered as toy in the hands of nature?

a) Possibilism
b) Neo-Determinism
c) Determinism
d) None of these

Answer : c

Question 16 : The concept of sustainable development is related with

a) Possibilism
b) Neo-Determinism
c) Determinism
d) None of these

Answer : a

Question 17 : The following forms of relationship exist between man and his environment according to the development of geographical thought.

I. Environmental determinism
II. Possibilism
III. Neo-determinism

The correct sequence of the development of these forms of relationships is

a) II, I and III
b) III, I and II
c) I, III and II
d) I, II and III

Answer : d

Question 18 : Assertion (A) : People in polar areas live in houses made up of ice
Reason (R) : Climate has impact on human life

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is true, but R is false
d) A is false, but R is true

Answer : a

Question 19 : Who among the following has used the term ecology for the first time?

a) AG Tansley
b) Ernst Haeckel
c) Griffirth Taylor
d) None of these

Answer : b

Question 20 : Ecology is the study of relationship between

a) organism and environment
b) man and forest
c) soil and water
d) husband and wife

Answer : a

Question 21 : Who of the following used the term ‘deep ecology’ for the first time?

a) EP Odum
b) E Raunkiaer
c) FE Clements
d) Arne Naess

Answer : d

Question 22 : Which of the following is the correct order of biological organisation ranging from organism to biosphere?

a) population – ecosystem – community – landscape
b) landscape – community – ecosystem – population
c) population – community – ecosystem – landscape
d) population – landscape – community – ecosystem

Answer : c

Question 23 : The term ‘Ecosystem’ was proposed by

a) G. Taylor
b) E. Hartigan
c) DR Stoddart
d) Tansley

Answer : d

Question 24 : Which of the following is not correct about ecosystem?

a) It comprises both, abiotic and biotic component
b) It is its productivity
c) It is a closed system
d) It is a natural resource system

Answer : c

Question 25 : The concept of ‘Ecological Transition’ was first used by

a) Elton
b) Bennett
c) Berkeley
d) Ratzel

Answer : b

Question 26 : The rapid rate of decline in the vulture population in India is mainly due to

a) overuse of diclofenac drug
b) low death rate of animals
c) high death rate of animals
d) cleanliness

Answer : a

Question 27 : Which one of the following is not a major cause of Wildlife Extinction?

a) loss of natural habitat
b) to make fire in the forest
c) illegal commercial trade of wildlife
d) fast pace of population growth

Answer : d

Question 28 : The functioning of an ecosystem involves

a) flow of energy and circulation of nutrients
b) an increasing simplicity of relations
c) increasing animal populations
d) increasing number of trees, bushes etc.

Answer : a

Question 29 : All components and individuals in an ecosystem are

a) individualistic
b) independent
c) interdependent
d) dispensable

Answer : c

Question 30 : Which one of the following organisms represent the primary consumer category in an ecosystem?

a) Caterpillar
b) Crab apple tree
c) Frog
d) Sparrow hawk

Answer : a

Question 31 : Which among the following is correct regarding ecosystem?

a) primary consumer are least dependent upon producer
b) primary consumers are out-number producers
c) producers are more than primary consumers
d) secondary consumers are the largest and most powerful

Answer : c

Question 32 : Which one of the following is the best description of the term ecosystem?

a) A community of organisms interacting with one another
b) that part of the earth which is inhabited by living organisms
c) a community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
d) flora and fauna of a geographical area

Answer : c

Question 33 : The actual location or place where an organism lives is called

a) habitat
b) ecosystem
c) niche
d) biome

Answer : a

Question 34 : The primary source of energy in eco-body is …………

a) energy emitted by fermentation
b) preserved vegetable sugar
c) solar energy
d) none of the above

Answer : c

Question 35 : Which of the following is not a biotic component of an ecosystem?

a) air
b) plant
c) bacteria
d) animals

Answer : a

Question 36 : Transfer of energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem takes place in a

a) linear manner
b) hierarchical manner
c) discrete manner
d) cyclic manner

Answer : d

Question 37 : Which of the following statement is correct?

a) the energy flow in the biospheric ecosystem is unidirectional
b) the energy flow in the biospheric is cyclical
c) relative loss of energy in natural ecosystem decreases with increasing trophic levels
d) species at progressively higher trophic levels appears to be less efficient in using available energy

Answer : d

Question 38 : In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine upwelling zones are important as they increase the marine productivity by bringing the 

I. decomposer micro-organisms to the surface
II. nutrient to the surface
III. bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface

Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?

a) I and II
b) Only II
c) II and III
d) Only III

Answer : c

Question 39 : Consider the following statement regarding ecosystem

I. AG Tansley had used the word ecosystem for the first time
II. The organisms producing its own food are called as Autotrophs
III. The consumers prepare their food with the help of photosynthesis
IV. Decomposers convert inorganic material into organic one.

Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?

a) I and II
b) II and III
c) II and IV
d) III and IV

Answer : a

Question 40 : Which among the following is most stable ecosystem?

a) ocean
b) forest
c) mountain
d) desert

Answer : a

Question 41 : Which one of the following is the largest ecosystem of the world?

a) ocean
b) grasslands
c) forest
d) mountain

Answer : a

Question 42 : Which of the following is an artificial ecosystem?

a) ponds
b) field
c) forests
d) none of these

Answer : b

Question 43 : The movement of nutrient elements through the various components of an ecosystem is called

a) bio-geo-chemical cycle
b) bio-geological cycle
c) ecological succession
d) biological cycle

Answer : a

Question 44 : Which one of the following ecosystem covers the largest areas of the earth’s surface?

a) desert ecosystem
b) grassland ecosystem
c) mountain ecosystem
d) marine ecosystem

Answer : d

Question 45 : Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity?

a) Oceans, lakes, grasslands, mangroves
b) Mangroves, oceans, grasslands, lakes
c) Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
d) Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grasslands

Answer : c

Question 46 : NPP (Net Primary Productivity) is highest for

a) Tropical forests
b) Swamps
c) Reefs
d) Woodlands and Shrub land

Answer : a

Question 47 : The example of ‘Lentic Habitat’ in the freshwater community is

a) ponds and swamps
b) waterfalls and rivers
c) ponds and rivers
d) all of the above

Answer : a

Question 48 : Which one among the following covers the highest percentage of forest area in the world?

a) Temperate Coniferous Forests
b) Temperate Deciduous Forests
c) Tropical Monsoon Forests
d) Tropical Rain Forests

Answer : d

Question 49 : Most of the desert plants bloom during night because

a) their blooming is controlled by low temperature
b) they are sensitive to the phase of moon
c) the desert insects eat away flower during day time
d) the desert insects are active during night time

Answer : d

Question 50 : Hydrophonics is related to

a) growth of plant without soil
b) growth of plant without water
c) conservation of water
d) relation of sound with water

Answer : a

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