Cuppy Studies

Productivity in Ecosystems Productivity is the rate of synthesis of energy containing organic matter by any trophic level per unit area in unit time.  Production ecology is the branch …

Ecological Pyramids Ecological pyramid is the graphic representation of the numbers, biomass and energy of the successive trophic levels of an ecosystem. Charles Elton (1927) developed the ecological pyramids …

Food Chain The transfer of food energy from the producers, through a series of organisms (herbivores to carnivores to decomposers) with repeated eating and being eaten is termed as …

Ecosystem The ecosystem comprises the biotic community and the non-living environment.  It is the basic functional unit as it includes both the organism and its environment, each influencing the …

Halophytes Halophytes are special types of xerophytes which grow in saline soils.  These soils are called physiologically dry because of high salt concentration.  Halophytes are plants of saline habitats …

Ecological Adaptations in Xerophytes Xerophytes are group of plants that survive in dry regions.  They grow in deserts, dry hilly regions.  They adapt themselves to dry and sandy or …

Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation is the synthesis of energy-rich ATP molecules with the help of energy liberated during oxidation of reduced coenzymes ( i.e.,NADH2 and FADH2), produced in respiration.  …

Anaerobic respiration: Anaerobic respiration is a process of release of energy in enzymatically controlled incomplete degradation of organic food without oxygen being used as oxidant.  It is an exclusive …

Factors Affecting The Rate of Respiration A number of factors affect the rate of respiration .  Actively dividing meristematic cells have the highest respiratory rate.  The rate of respiration …

Ecological Factors Environment is a complex of large number of living (biotic components) and nonliving (abiotic components).  Each part, substance or stage of environment is known as environmental factor …