Cuppy Studies

Ecology Ecology is the study of living organisms with respect to their relation with environment.  The word “ecology” comes from two Greek words, oikos (house or dwelling place) and …

Edaphic factors The factors which relate to structure and composition of soil is termed as edaphic factors.  Soil is a major ecological factor.  It is the surface layer of …

Biotic Factors Biotic factors are influences, reactions and interactions of living beings not only amongst themselves but also over the environment.  All living beings are collectively termed as biota.  …

Ecological Adaptations in Hydrophytes: Plants grow in different environments.  They develop various useful morphological and anatomical characters to adapt themselves according to their environment.  Depending upon these morphological and …

ATP Synthesis The transfer of electrons to oxygen through complexes I to IV is coupled to the synthesis of ATP.  The number of ATP synthesized depends on the nature …

Electron Transport Chain An electron transport chain or system is a series of coenzymes and cytochrome that take part in the passage of electron from a chemical to its …

Respiration in plants : Glycolysis Respiration is the process by which living cells break down complex high-energy food molecules into simple low energy molecules, releasing the energy trapped within …

Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid or Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA) Hans Krebs discovered the cycle.  The cycle is also termed as citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle …

Chemosynthesis The process of manufacture of food from inorganic raw materials by using chemical energy is termed as chemosynthesis.  There are some organisms that are able to manufacture all …

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM pathway) Crassulacean acid metabolism is a mechanism of photosynthesis which occurs in succulents.  Succulents are plants that generally grow in acid habitat or in extreme …